Who developed a system for organizing weather observations?

The correct choice is based on the contributions of Urbain Le Verrier, who played a significant role in the development of meteorology as a science. Le Verrier is best known for his work in celestial mechanics, particularly for predicting the existence of Neptune. However, one of his notable achievements was also in organizing and systematizing weather observations.

In the mid-19th century, Le Verrier advocated for the establishment of a systematic method to collect and analyze meteorological data, which laid the foundation for modern meteorological practices. He recognized the importance of standardized weather observation methods, which helped to improve the reliability and accuracy of weather forecasts. This systematic approach allowed for better communication of weather patterns and more effective responses to weather-related phenomena.

The other individuals listed, while contributing significantly to their respective fields—Newton with classical mechanics, Einstein with theories of relativity, and Galileo with foundational work in physics and observational astronomy—did not focus on the organization of weather observations in the same way that Le Verrier did. Therefore, Le Verrier's specific contributions to organizing weather data make him the correct answer to the question.