What phenomenon is associated with charged particles interacting with Earth's magnetic field?

The phenomenon associated with charged particles interacting with Earth's magnetic field is auroras. Auroras occur when charged particles from the solar wind collide with gases in Earth's atmosphere. These particles, primarily electrons and protons, are guided along the Earth's magnetic field lines towards the polar regions. When they collide with atmospheric gases like oxygen and nitrogen, they cause the gases to glow, resulting in the beautiful light displays known as the auroras, or specifically the Aurora Borealis in the northern hemisphere and Aurora Australis in the southern hemisphere.

In contrast, solar flares represent sudden bursts of energy from the sun, which can release radiation and sometimes contribute to space weather effects, but do not directly represent the interaction of charged particles with the magnetic field in the manner that auroras do. Comets and asteroids are celestial bodies that orbit the sun but are unrelated to the interaction with Earth's magnetic field and do not produce auroras. Their behavior is governed more by gravitational interactions and their pathways through space rather than the electromagnetic phenomena observed in auroras.