What astronomical event occurs when the moon passes through the shadow of the Earth?

The question pertains to an event related to the positioning of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. When the moon passes through the shadow of the Earth, this phenomenon is known as a lunar eclipse. During a lunar eclipse, the Earth is positioned directly between the Sun and the Moon, which causes the Earth to block sunlight from reaching the Moon. This results in the Moon taking on a reddish hue, often referred to as a "blood moon," due to the scattering of sunlight through the Earth's atmosphere.

In contrast, a solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking the Sun's light partly or entirely. A planetary transit involves a planet moving across the face of the Sun as seen from Earth, while a stellar occultation refers to a situation where a celestial body passes in front of a star, obscuring it from view. These events do not involve the Moon traversing the Earth's shadow and therefore are not applicable in this context. In summary, the event being described aligns specifically with a lunar eclipse, making it the correct answer.